LANGUAGE, DIALECT, AND VARIETIES

Languange, Dialect, and Varities

1. Language is  the method of human communication either spoken or written,  consisting of the use of words  in a structured and conventional way.
Language varieties refers to the various forms of language triggered by social factors, language may changes from to region, from social status to another, from individual to individual and from situation to situation.

2. Dialects is the varieties of language characteristics of group of speaker.
Idiolects the speech variety of an individual speaker.

3. According to Hudson(1980: 24) varieties is a set of linguistic items with similar distribution. Ferguson (1971: 30) any body of human speech pattern which sufficiently homogeneous to be analyzed by available techniques of syncrhonic description and which has a sufficiently large repertory of elements or process with broad enough semantic scope to function in all normal context of communication. 

The question

1. What is the different of Dialect and Accent? (Shelvira Elsa Dwita)
Answer : Dialect is form of language that is spoken in a certain area. And accents is the way we pronounce word on the other hand dialect are local varieties of language.

2. How do we know where is the speaker origin, regional of people based on their dialect by using the same language?
(Nurul Fathia Salma)
Answer :  the dialect of region can be known based on the sound, pressure, the decress of the tone and the short length of the language sound referring on the a particular area.

3. How the distinguish slang and idiom?
(Fariza Azkiya Ali)
Answer : slang is a type of language that informal dam playful.  And idiom are expression that have meaning different from the dictionary definition of the individual words in the expression.

4. Do our dialect changes if we go abroad of 3 months?
(Ester Mayer)
Answer: it is depend on person. If the person can be adaptation fast, the dialect can be changes.

INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Definition of Sociolinguistics

Sosiolingustic is brances of linguistic

Sosiolinguistic is how the language and society

We must acknowledge that a language is essentially a set of items, what Hudson (1996, p. 21) calls ‘linguistic items,’ such entities as sounds, words, grammatical structures, and so on. It is these items, their status, and their arrangements that language theorists such as Chomsky concern themselves with. On the other hand, social theorists, particularly sociologists, attempt to understand how societies are structured and how people manage to live together. To do so, they use such concepts as ‘identity,’ ‘power,’ ‘class,’ ‘status,’ ‘solidarity,’ ‘accommodation,’ ‘face,’ ‘gender,’ ‘politeness,’ etc. A major concern of this book is to examine possible relationships between ‘linguistic items’ on the one hand and concepts such as ‘power,’ ‘solidarity,’ etc. on the other. We should note that in doing so we are trying to relate two different kinds of entities in order to see what light they throw on each other. That is not an easy task. Linguistic items are difficult to define. Try, for example, to define exactly what linguistic items such as sounds, syllables, words, and sentences are. Then try to define precisely what you understand by such concepts as ‘social class,’ ‘solidarity,’ ‘identity,’ ‘face,’ and ‘politeness.’ Finally, try to relate the two sets of definitions within some kind of theory so as to draw conclusions about how items in these two very different classes relate to each other. Do all this while keeping in mind that languages and societies are constantly changing. The difficulties we confront are both legion and profound.

There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior. Certain evidence may be adduced to support this view: the age-grading phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters as their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly even their gender; and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements.


Answer and Question:

1.)    Selvira Elsa Dwita

In methodological concerns there are data and theory. What is relationship between data and theory ?

Answer :

Whatever sociolinguistic is it must be oriented toward both data and theory.

2.)    Lindawati

How we used language as a well ?

Answer:

If people can understand what the speaker meaning

3.)    Indri Christina

What the meaning of code?

Answer: May also refer to a language or a variety of a language as a code. Such terms as dialect,language , style , standard language.